The Chain of Survival: 4 Steps Anyone Can Take

When someone collapses from sudden cardiac arrest, every second counts. The Chain of Survival is a simple, proven sequence of actions that anyone can follow — you don't need to be a medical professional to save a life.

Here are the four steps:

Step 1: Recognize and Call

Check for responsiveness by tapping the person and shouting their name. Look for normal breathing — if the person is unresponsive and not breathing (or only gasping), call 911 immediately and send someone to locate an AED. If you are alone, call 911 first, then start CPR.

Step 2: Start Chest Compressions

Position your hands in the center of the chest, one on top of the other, and begin hard, fast compressions. Push down at least 2 inches at a rate of 100-120 compressions per minute. Don't pause — every interruption in compressions reduces blood flow to the brain and vital organs.

Step 3: Turn On the AED

As soon as an AED arrives, power it on and follow the voice instructions. Attach the adhesive pads to the patient's bare chest exactly as pictured on the pads. The AED will analyze the heart rhythm and tell you whether a shock is needed. If it advises a shock, make sure no one is touching the patient, then press the shock button.

Step 4: Continue Until Hand-Off

Continue cycles of CPR and follow AED prompts until professional emergency responders take over or the person shows obvious signs of life — such as normal breathing, movement, or responsiveness. If an AED advises no shock, resume CPR immediately.

Why the Chain of Survival matters:

MIACPR provides hands-on training that walks your team through every step of the Chain of Survival using real equipment. Contact us to schedule an on-site session at your facility.